I'm not entirely familiar with the W116 gasser fuel system, but, it's predecessor, the W108/109, used a vane-type pump that would begin to intermittently seize before finally cashing it all in. It's possible that when you removed your pump, and shook it, set it on concrete, maybe dropped it, just generally handling it, it freed up. Adding half a cup of transmission fluid or a few ounces of Marvel Mystery Oil per tank upon fill up will lubricate the vane and get more time out of a worn pump.
The other thing is, the fuel filter may be clogging up. Turning the car off for 20- or more minutes will have the contaminants falling off the filter element, allowing the engine to start up again, until it re-clogs. Could also be the same scenario at the strainer in the tank, though, if you pulled the drain plug, the strainer would come out allowing inspection and cleaning.
Mark
So the 77 280SE stopped while driving and I got towed in. It would not restart. Very cold day and it would not start again.
Here's what I did:
1. Took old fuel pump out and put it back in again (tried to buy a new one. Three tries none fit).
2. Replaced the fuel injection hose with a little larger one.
3. Recharged the battery (it wore down from so many attempts to start).
4. Drained all fuel and put a gallon of fresh fuel in.
Car starts and runs fine now.
Vaccuum stuff? Air in fuel system?
Any thoughts why it stopped like that on the road would be so greatly appreciated. I'm so lost.